Abstract
Ninety-one years ago insulin was discovered, which was one of the most important medical discoveries in the past century, transforming the lives of millions of diabetic patients. Initially insulin was considered only important for rapid control of blood glucose by its action on a restricted number of tissues; however, it has now become clear that this hormone controls an array of cellular processes in many different tissues. The present review will focus on the role of insulin in the kidney in health and disease.
- diabetes
- diabetic nephropathy
- insulin
- intracellular signalling
- kidney
- metabolic syndrome
Abbreviations: BK channel, large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel; BP, blood pressure; CAP, Cbl-associated protein; DM, diabetes mellitus; DN, diabetic nephropathy; DOK, downstream of kinase; ECM, extracellular matrix; eNOS, endothelial NO synthase; ERK, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; FSGS, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; GBM, glomerular basement membrane; GFB, glomerular filtration barrier; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; GLUT, glucose transporter; GEnC, glomerular endothelial cell; Grb2, growth-factor-receptor-bound protein 2; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; IGF-IR, IGF-I receptor; IL, interleukin; IR, insulin receptor; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; ksp, kidney-specific; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MPGN, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; mTORC, mTOR complex; OMIM, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man®; PH, pleckstrin homology; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; podIRKO mouse, podocyte-specific IR-deficient transgenic mouse; PPARγ, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ; PTB, phosphotyrosine-binding; Raptor, regulatory associated protein of mTOR; RBF, renal blood flow; SGK1, serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1; SH2, Src homology 2; SOS, Son of Sevenless; TRPC, transient receptor potential cation channel; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex
- © The Authors Journal compilation © 2013 Biochemical Society
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March 2013
Volume: 124 Issue: 6
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- Article
- Abstract
- OVERVIEW OF CELLULAR INSULIN SIGNALLING
- INSULIN AND IGF (INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR) RECEPTORS
- CELLULAR INSULIN SIGNALLING PATHWAYS
- INSULIN SIGNALLING IS NOT ALL ABOUT GLUCOSE HOMOEOSTASIS
- INSULIN AND THE KIDNEY
- INSULIN AND THE KIDNEY: IN HEALTH
- INSULIN SIGNALLING AND THE KIDNEY: DISEASE
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- CONCLUSIONS
- FUNDING
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Figures
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